domingo, 9 de março de 2008

Lista de verbos irregulares

INFINITIVE - SIMPLE PAST - PAST PARTICIPLE - TRANSLATION

to arise - arose - arisen - surgir, levantar-se

to awake - awoke - awoken - acordar

to be - was, were - been - ser, estar

to bear - bore - born - dar à luz

to bear - bore -borne - suportar

to beat -beat - beaten-beat ­ - bater, derrotar

to become - became - become - tornar-se

to begin - began ­- begun - começar

to bend - bent - bent - curvar-se, dobrar

to bet - bet - bet - apostar

to bid - ­bid ­- bid - fazer um lance

to bid - bade - bidden - ordenar, saudar

to bind - bound - bound - ligar, encadernar

to bite ­ - bit - bitten ­- morder, picar

to bleed - bled - bled -sangrar

to blow - blew - blown - soprar

to break - broke - broken - quebrar

to breed - bred - bred - criar, gerar

to bring - brought - brought - trazer

to broadcast - broadcast - broadcast -difundir, transmitir

to build - built - built - construir

to burn - burnt / burned - burnt / burned - queimar

to burst - burst ­- burst - romper, explodir

to buy - bought - bought - comprar

to cast - cast - cast - arremessar, lançar

to catch - caught - caught - apanhar, pegar

to chide - chid - chidden - censurar

to choose - chose - chosen - escolher

to cling - clung - clung - aderir, unir-se

to come - came ­ - come - vir

to cost - cost - cost - custar

to creep - crept - crept - rastejar

to cut - cut - cut - cortar

to deal - dealt - dealt - negociar, tratar

to dig - dug - dug - cavar

to do - did - done - fazer

to draw - drew - drawn - desenhar

to dream - dreamt / dreamed - dreamt / dreamed - sonhar

to dwell - dwelt - dwelt - residir

to eat - ate - eaten - comer

to fall - fell - fallen - cair

to feed - fed - fed - alimentar, suprir

to feel - felt - felt - sentir

to fight - fought - fought - lutar, brigar

to find - found - found - achar, encontrar

to fit - fit / fitted - fit / fitted - adaptar-se, caber

to flee - fled - fled - fugir

to fling - flung - flung - arremessar, lançar

to fly - flew - flown - voar

to forbid - forbade - forbidden - proibir

to forecast - forecast - forecast - prever, profetizar

to forget - forgot - forgotten - esquecer

to forgive - forgave - forgiven - perdoar

to forsake - forsook - forsaken - abandonar

to freeze - froze - frozen - congelar

to get - got - got / gotten - conseguir, obter

to give - gave - given - dar

to go - went - gone - ir

to grind - ground - ground - afiar, moer

to grow - grew - grown - crescer

to hang - hung - hung - pendurar, suspender

to have - had - had - ter

to hear - heard - heard - ouvir

to hide - hid - hidden - esconder

to hit - hit - hit - bater, acertar

to hold - held - held - segurar

to hurt - hurt - hurt - machucar, ferir

to keep - kept - kept - guardar, manter

to kneel - knelt - knelt - ajoelhar-se

to know - knew - known - conhecer, saber

to lay - laid - laid - derrubar, deitar, planejar, pôr

to lead - led - led - conduzir, levar a

to lean - leant / leaned - leant / leaned - encostar (-se), inclinar (-se), curvar (-se), apoiar (-se)

to leap - leapt / leaped - leapt / leaped - pular, saltar

to learn - learnt / learned - learnt / learned - aprender

to leave - left - left - deixar, sair

to lend - lent - lent - emprestar

to let - let - let - deixar, permitir

to lie - lay - lain - deitar-se, jazer

to light - lit / lighted - lit / lighted - acender, iluminar

to lose - lost - lost - perder

to make - made - made - fazer, produzir

to mean - meant - meant - significar, querer dizer

to meet - met - met - encontrar

to pay - paid - paid - pagar

to put - put - put - pôr

to quit - quit - quit - deixar, abandonar

to read - read - read - ler

to rid - rid - rid - livrar-se

to ride - rode - ridden - cavalgar

to ring - rang - rung - tocar, soar

to rise - rose - risen - levantar, subir

to run - ran - run - correr

to say - said - said - dizer

to see - saw - seen - ver

to seek - sought - sought ­ - procurar

to sell - sold - sold - vender

to send - sent - sent - enviar, mandar

to set - set - set - pôr, fixar

to shake - shook ­ shaken - agitar, sacudir

to shed - shed - shed - derramar

to shine - shone / shined - shone / shined - brilhar, reluzir

to shoot - shot - shot - atirar, disparar

to show - showed - shown / showed - mostrar

to shrink - shrank / shrunk - shrunk - encolher, recuar

to shut - shut - shut - fechar

to sing - sang - sung - cantar

to sink - sank - sunk - afundar

to sit - sat - sat - sentar-se

to sleep - slept - slept - dormir

to slide - slid - slid - escorregar, deslizar

to slit - slit - slit - fender, rachar

to smell - smelt / smelled - smelt / smelled - cheirar

to speak - spoke - spoken - falar

to speed - sped / speeded - sped / speeded - apressar

to spell - spelt / spelled - spelt / spelled - soletrar, significar

to spend - spent - spent - gastar, passar

to spill - spilt / spilled - spilt / spilled - derramar, entornar

to spin - spun - spun - girar, tecer

to spit - spit / spat - spit / spat - cuspir

to split - split - split - dividir, rachar

to spoil - spoilt / spoiled - spoilt / spoiled - estragar

to spread - spread - spread - difundir, espalhar

to spring - sprang / sprung - sprung - brotar, saltar

to stand - stood - stood - agüentar, ficar de pé

to steal - stole - stolen - furtar, roubar

to stick - stuck - stuck - afixar, colar

to sting - stung - stung - picar

to stink - stank / stunk - stunk - cheirar mal

to strike - struck - struck / stricken - bater, esmurrar

to strive strove / strived striven / strived - esforçar-se

to string - strung - strung - afinar, esticar

to swear - swore - sworn - blasfemar, jurar

to sweep - swept - swept - varrer

to swim - swam - swum - nadar

to swing - swung - swung - balançar, oscilar

to take - took - taken - levar, pegar,tomar

to teach - taught - taught - ensinar

to tear - tore - torn - rasgar

to tell - told - told ­ - contar, dizer

to think - thought - thought - pensar

to throw - threw - thrown - arremessar, lançar

to thrust - thrust - thrust - empurrar, enfiar

to understand - understood ­ understood - entender

to wake (up) - woke / waked - woken / waked - acordar

to wear - wore - worn - usar, vestir

to weave - wove - woven ­ - tecer

to weep - wept - wept - chorar, lamentar

to win - won - won - vencer

to wind - wound - wound - dar corda, enrolar

DEFINITIONS OF SOME OF THE LESS FREQUENTLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS

bet ........wager; offerto pay money if one loses.
i.e. She bet $ that I wouldn’t be ableto give up smoking.
He spends all his money betting on horses.

bid .......make an offer of money, usually at a public sale.
i.e.We had hopedto get the house but another couple was bidding against us.
Several firms have bid for the contractto build the new concert hall.

bind ........fasten or secure
i.e. The hostages were bound (with ropes) and gagged.
They bound his legs (together) so he couldn’t escape.

breed .......bring animalstogetherto produce young.
i.e. My father breeds a rare kind of birds.
How often do lions breed?

breed .......bring animalstogetherto produce young.
i.e. My father breeds a rare kind of birds.
How often do lions breed?

burst ........explode; break suddenly
i.e.Water pipes often burst in cold weather.
The river burst its bank and flooded thetown.

cast .......throw
i.e. He cast a furtive glance at her.
The tragedy cast a shadow on their lives.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

fling ........throw with force.
i.e. She flung the papers on the desk and stormed out.
She flung herself onto the sofa.

forecast .........predict a future occurence.
i.e. Snow has been forecast fortonight.
The economists forecast that inflation will drop this year.

forsake ........abandon or desert
i.e. He forsook the glamour of city life for a small cottage in the country.

grind ........crush, reduceto small pieces
i.e. The elephant grinds (up) its food with its powerful teeth.

seek .......look for
i.e. People are always seeking for solutionsto their troubles.

shed .......drop off or get rid of
i.e.A lorry has shed its load on the motorway.
You must learnto shed your inhibitions.

shrink ........become smaller
i.e.The washing-machine shrank my sweater.

sink ........move downward, often under water.
i.e. My feet sank (down) into the mud.
The ship sank (to the bottom of the ocean).

slide ........glide smoothly; slip or skid.
i.e. I slid the rug in front of the fire.
The drawers slide in and out easily.

slit ........cut a narrow opening.
i.e. He slit open the envelope with a knife.

spin ........turn rapidly around a central point.
i.e. They spun a cointo decide who should start.

split ........divide into two or more parts.
i.e. The children split (up) into small groups.

spread ........push out in all directions (e.g., butter on bread, news)
i.e. Butter spreads more easily when it’s softer.

spring ........jump or rise suddenly from a still position.
i.e. I sprang out of bedto answer the door.

sting ........cause pain with a sharp object (e.g., pin) or bite (e.g., by an insect).
i.e. Do all types of bees sting?

stink ........have a bad or foul smell.
i.e. That fish in the fridge has gone bad – it stinks.

strike ........hit something with force.
i.e. The stone struck him on the forehead.

OUTROS VERBOS PREFIXADOS

to forbear = abster-se, evitar

to fortell = profetizar

to mislay = colocar em lugar errado

to misread = ler incorretamente

to misspell = pronunciar incorretamente

to misspend = esbanjar

to mistake = enganar-se

to misunderstand = entender mal

to offset = compensar

to outbid = cobrir o lance (leilão)

to outdo = superar

to outgrow = crescer muito

to outride = passar à dianteira de (a cavalo)

to outrun = correr mais que

to outshine = brilhar mais que

to overbear = oprimir, dominar

to overcome = conquistar, superar

to overdo = exagerar

to overeat = comer demais

to overflow = inundar

to overhang = estar suspenso sobre

to overhear = ouvir por acaso

to overlay = revestir

to override = passar por cima, prevalecer

to overrun = exceder, derrotar

to oversee = supervisionar

to overshoot = exceder o alvo

to oversleep = dormir demais

to overspend = gastar demais

to overtake = alcançar

to overthrow = derrotar, subverter

to unbend = afrouxar

to undergo = suportar, passar por

to undertake = empreender

to underwrite = apoiar financeiramente

to uphold = sustentar

to upset = perturbar

to withdraw = retirar

to withhold = impedir

to withstand = resistir

Nenhum comentário: