Exercise - Adjective + dependent preposition

Complete these sentences with prepositions from the box. Use each preposition only once.

for in on at with of to about

a) I'm hopeless……………dancing- I trip over my own feet!
b) If you could be famous, what would you like to be famous……………?
c) He should do more for himself; he's too dependent……………….her.
d) Which of the following are you most afraid……………: spiders, heights, or the
dark?
e) Is there anything you're allergic………………?
f) What kind of sports are you interested…………?
g) They are compatible…………………each other and get along well.
h) Are you optimistic………………the future?

Adjectives + dependent prepositions

ABOUT: certain about optimistic about serious about
AT: good at hopeless at useless at mad at
FOR: famous for late for ready for
IN: covered in interested in lacking in
OF: afraid of fond of proud of
ON: dependent on
TO: accustomed to allergic to used to
WITH: compatible with fed up with

Silent Letters

1 - A is silent in:

Bre(a)kfast; He(a)vy.

2 - B is silent in:

Bom(b); Clim(b); Com(b); De(b)t; Dou(b)t; Dum(b); Lam(b); Thum(b), Su(b)tle

3 - C is silent in:

Mus(c)le; S(c)ene; S(c)ent.

4 - D is silent in:

Gran(d)son; Han(d)bag; Han(d)kerchief; Han(d)some; San(d)wich;
We(d)nesday.

5 - E is silent in:

Car(e)ful; Diff(e)rent; Ev(e)ry; Ev(e)ning; Int(e)resting; Lon(e)ly; Om(e)lette;
Sev(e)ral;Temp(e)rature; Veg(e)table.

6- G is silent in:

Ali(g)n; Champa(g)ne; Forei(g)n; Rei(g)n; Si(g)n.

7 - H is silent in:

Ex(h)aust; (H)eir; (H)onest; (H)onour; (H)our; Sc(h)ool; W(h)at; W(h)en;
W(h)ere; W(h)ether; W(h)ich; W(h)ip; W(h)y; W(h)ite.

8 - GH is silent in:

Borou(gh); Bou(gh)t; Cau(gh)t; Dau(gh)ter; Hei(gh)t; Hi(gh); Li(GH)t; Mi(gh)t;
Nei(gh)bour;Ni(gh)t; Ri(gh)t; Strai(gh)t; Thou(gh)t; Throu(gh); Ti(gh)t;
Wei(gh).

9 - I is silent in:

Asp(i)rin; Bus(i)ness; Cush(i)on; Fash(i)on; Fr(i)end; Med(i)cine.

10 - K is silent in:

KN words as: (K)nee; (K)nead; (K)nife; (K)night; (K)nock; (K)not; (K)now.
Blac(k)guard.

11 - L is silent in:

A(l)mond; Ca(l)m; Ca(l)f; Cha(l)k; Cou(l)d; Fo(l)k; Ha(l)f; Sa(l)mon; Shou(l)d;
Ta(l)k; Wa(l); Wou(l)d.

12 - N is silent in:

Autum(n); Condem(n); Colum(n); Dam(n).

13 - O is silent in:

Le(o)pard; Je(o)pardize.

14 - P is silent in:

Cor(p)s; Cu(p)board; Recei(p)t.
Words beginning in PN, PS, PT as: (P)neumatic; (P)neumonia; (P)sychiatrist; (P)sychology; (P)tomaine.

15 - R is silent in:

Su(r)prise.

16 - S is silent in:

Ai(s)le; I(s)land; I(s)le.

17 - T is silent in:

As(t)hma; Balle(t); Cas(t)le; Chris(t)mas; Fas(t)en; Gourme(t); Lis(t)en;
Of(t)en (can be pronounced with T, too); Rappor(t); Sof(t)en;
Whis(t)le.

18 - U is silent in:

Bu(i)ld; Catalog(u)e; Colleag(u)e; Dialog(u)e; G(u)arantee; G(u)ard;
G(u)errilha; G(u)ess;G(u)est; G(u)ide; G(u)ilt; g(u)itar; G(u)y;
Plag(u0e; Tong(u)e.

19 - W is silent in:

Ans(w)er; S(w)ord; (W)ho; (W)hose; (W)hole; (W)rap; (W)rite; (W)rong.

20 - Y is silent in:

Ma(y)or; Pra(y)er.

Verb TO BE


Affirmative: Subject + be + complement
I am + complement.
He/She/It is + complement.
We/You/They are + complement.

Negative: Subject + be + NOT + Complement
I am not + complement.
He/She/It is not + complement.
We/You/They are not + complement.

Note: Am + not = No contraction
Is + not = isn’t
Are + not = aren’t

Interrogative: Be + subject + complement ?
Am I + complement?
Is he/she/it + complement?
Are we/you/they + complement?

HAPPY EASTER

Easter Sunday

­

How do you say...? The origins of the names for the Easter holiday vary slightly. "Easter" and "Ostern" derive from Eostre. Other names are derivative from the Jewish word for Passover, Pesach. English: Easter German: Ostern Greek: Pascha Spanish: Pascua Italian: Pasqua French: Pâques Portugese: Páscoa Dutch: Pasen Danish: Paaske

Easter Sunday celebrates Jesus' resurrection. Along w­ith Christmas, Easter is considered one of the oldest and most joyous days on the Christian calendar. Religious services and other Easter celebrations vary throughout the regions of the world and even from country to country. In the United States, many "sunrise services" are held outside on Easter morning. These early services are symbolic of the empty tomb that was found early that Sunday morning and of Jesus' arrival in Jerusalem before sunrise on the Sunday of his resurrection:

"Do not be alarmed," he said. "You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here. See the place where they laid him." (Mark 16:6, NIV)

It is important to understand that Easter was not celebrated or mentioned in the Bible. Rather, the three-day period from Good Friday through Easter Sunday has become a traditional observance of when Christians believe that the crucifixion, burial and resurrection of Christ occurred.

Easter Traditions

In addition to the religious celebrations and observances of Easter, many countries also celebrate Easter with sweets and baked goods. Eggs, a traditional symbol of new life, are hard-boiled and dyed. Chocolate candies of all shapes and sizes are bought. Cakes and breads are baked and carefully decorated. And in many homes, families celebrate Easter with a gathering of family for an elaborate Easter dinner. According to the book "Festivals and Celebrations," eggs were dyed in ancient times by the Egyptians and Persians, who then exchanged them with friends. "It was in Mesopotamia that Christians first gave eggs to their friends at Easter to remind them of the resurrection of Jesus," author Rowland Purton writes.

If Lent is observed as it was intended to be, eggs are a forbidden food (this is why eggs were used on Shrove Tuesday). Centuries ago, when Lent ended on Easter Sunday, it became tradition for people to give decorated eggs as presents to their friends and servants. Over time, the tradition of painting or decorating eggs has continued, particularly with the Ukrainians and other eastern Europeans known for their beautiful and intricate designs.

The bejeweled "Easter Egg" created by the artist Peter Carl Fabergé in the late 1880s in St. Petersburg, Russia, is the extreme of egg decorating. The lapis lazuli egg is a gold, enamel, pearl, diamond and ruby creation that features a hinged, enameled "yolk" that conceals a royal crown. This crown is also hinged and opens to reveal a ruby egg. Though this Easter egg is not documented among the Russian Imperial Eggs, experts say it was probably created for a member of Russian royalty. Visit The Cleveland Museum of Art: Special Exhibitions to view other intricate and bejeweled eggs created by Peter Carl Fabergé.

Easter and Bunnies Don't Mix Although it may be tempting to give a child a rabbit as an Easter gift, rabbits don't actually make very good pets for children. Rabbits don't like ­to be held and cuddled -- it frightens them. Because of this, children often lose interest and the rabbit ends up neglected or abandoned. Rabbits require just as much work and attention as a dog or cat, and most live at least 10 years. For more information, check out The House Rabbit Society's Easter and Bunnies: A Sad Story

Rabbits
Rabbits are a powerful symbol of fertility and new life, and therefore, of Easter. The Easter Bunny, like Santa Claus, has become a popular children's character. But it may be that the Easter Bunny is something of a historical mistake.

Hares were sacred to the pagan festival of Eostre. At some point, the hare was replaced by the rabbit (some say that this is because it is difficult to tell hares and rabbits, both long-eared mammals, apart).

­­Hot Cross Buns
According to the book "Dates and Meanings of Religious & Other Festivals," hot cross buns "used to be kept specially for Good Friday with the symbolism of the cross, although it is thought that they originated in pagan times with the bun representing the moon and its four quarters."

The custom of eating hot cross buns goes back to pre-Christian times, when pagans offered their god, Zeus, a cake baked in the form of a bull, with a cross upon it to represent its horns. Throughout the centuries, hot cross buns were made and eaten every Good Friday, and it was thought that they had miraculous curative powers. People hung buns from their kitchen ceilings to protect their households from evil for the year to come. Good Friday bread and buns were said never to go moldy. This was probably because the buns were baked so hard that there was no moisture left in the mixture for the mold to live on. Hot cross buns and bread baked on Good Friday were used in powdered form to treat all sorts of illnesses.

INTERESTING VOCABULARY

Shrove Tuesday
If you live outside the UK, you probably haven't heard of Shrove Tuesday. But you probably know it by its other name, Mardi Gras. Pancakes were originally eaten o­n Shrove Tuesday -- the Tuesday before Lent -- to use up eggs and fat before the fast of Lent. Today, these pancakes are generally made of eggs, milk and flour. The word "shrove" comes from "shrive," meaning "the confessions of sins" -- something done in preparation for Lent.

Ash Wedne­sday
­Ash Wed­nesday is a day of fasting that gets its name from the practice of sprinkling ashes over those engaging in the fast of Lent. Has anyone ever apologized to you by saying, "Let me put on my ashes and sackcloth..."? This is where that saying originated. Those wishing to receive the sacrament of penance were known as "penitents." They wore sackcloth and were required to remain apart from the Christian community until Maundy Thursday. This practice fell into disuse during the eighth, ninth and 10th centuries, when the beginning of Lent was symbolized by placing ashes on the heads of the entire congregation.

Today, some Christians have a cross put on their forehead in ashes. The ashes are usually made from the previous year's blessed palm fronds from Palm Sunday, and are usually wet with holy water before being used.

Lent
The name Lent comes from the Middle English lenten, meaning "spring." Lent signifies 40 days of fasting in order to imitate the fast of Jesus Christ after his baptism (the Epiphany). Lent begins on Ash Wednesday, 46 days before Easter Sunday, when it ends. (*Because they are celebratory days -- honoring the Resurrection, the six Sundays that occur during the period of Lent do not count as part of the 40-day observance.)

­P­alm Sunday
­­­Palm Sunday is the sixth and final Sunday of Lent. In many churches, it is the beginning of Holy Week, a week of observances leading up to Easter Sunday. Palm Sunday occurs one week before Easter and marks Jesus' entry into Jerusalem when his supporters waved palm fronds to celebrate his arrival. Today, many people use the ashes from palm fronds used on the previous year's Palm Sunday to mark a cross on the forehead of penitents on Ash Wednesday. Next, we'll look at the other days observed during Holy Week and the Easter holiday itself.

Maundy Thursday

The word "maundy" may have come from the maund (or mand) basket used by the fishermen in the English counties of Norfolk and Suffolk. Centuries ago, there was a fair held on this day in Norwich (Norfolk), at which vendors sold horses, cattle and general merchandise. Some of the fisher-folk brought their maund baskets filled with items to sell, including fish. Clothing and hats were sold, as it was customary to buy a new item of clothing for Easter Sunday. This may well have been the origin of the Easter bonnet and the notion of wearing new spring attire for Easter.

Maundy Thursday may also have come from the Latin word mandatum, meaning "commandment," as in the Biblical words of Jesus:

"A new command I give you. Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another." (John 13:34, NIV)

Good Friday
The Friday before Easter is called Good Friday, and is a somber observance of Christ's crucifixion on the cross. Christians believe that the death of Jesus Christ on the cross made it possible for them to know peace with God. They wanted to celebrate their peace rather than observe Friday as a day of mourning or sadness.

The name may also be derived from God's Day, since in the first two centuries, the word "good" would only ever have been used as a description for God. The Saxons and Danes called this day Long Friday, and Good Friday in Danish is Langfreday.

­Worldwide Easter Celebrations

Religious services and other Easter celebrations vary throughout the regions of the world and even from country to country. In the United States, many "sunrise services" are held outside, often in gardens or beside lakes where baptisms (representing rebirth) can be held on Easter morning. Here are a few other ways in which Easter is celebrated:

• Bulgaria - In Bulgaria, people don't hide their eggs -- they have egg fights! Whoever comes out of the game with an unbroken egg is the winner and assumed to be the most successful member of the family in the coming year. In another tradition, the oldest woman in the family rubs the faces of the children with the first red egg she has colored, symbolizing her wish that they have rosy cheeks, health and strength (much like the Easter egg).
• Mexico - Easter and related holidays are colorful and lively in Mexico, where children actually smash eggs over each other's heads in the week before Lent begins! Fortunately, these eggs are filled with small pieces of paper rather than raw egg.
• Germany - In Germany, eggs are dyed green on Maundy Thursday.
• Greece - On Easter Sunday in Greece, there is a public procession. Red eggs (red for the blood of Christ) are tapped together while one person declares "Christ is risen" and the other replies "Truly He is risen."
• United States - Parades are traditional in some U.S. cities. Atlantic City's 140-year-old parade is the oldest, and the promenade on New York's Fifth Avenue, immortalized in Irving Berlin's song, "Easter Parade," is perhaps the best known. The annual White House Easter Egg Roll takes place in the nation's capitol city on Easter Monday. (You'll learn more about this tradition on the next page.)
• England - In England, in Hallaton (in the County of Leicestershire), every Easter Monday, there is the Hare Pie Scramble and Bottle Kicking. The story goes that a woman was saved by a hare running across the path of a bull on Easter Monday hundreds of years ago. As a token of her appreciation, she bequeathed a piece of land to the rector. The sole condition to this bequest was that the rector have a hare pie made to be distributed to parishioners together with a large quantity of ale every year. (More on hare pies later.)

Lista de verbos irregulares

INFINITIVE - SIMPLE PAST - PAST PARTICIPLE - TRANSLATION

to arise - arose - arisen - surgir, levantar-se

to awake - awoke - awoken - acordar

to be - was, were - been - ser, estar

to bear - bore - born - dar à luz

to bear - bore -borne - suportar

to beat -beat - beaten-beat ­ - bater, derrotar

to become - became - become - tornar-se

to begin - began ­- begun - começar

to bend - bent - bent - curvar-se, dobrar

to bet - bet - bet - apostar

to bid - ­bid ­- bid - fazer um lance

to bid - bade - bidden - ordenar, saudar

to bind - bound - bound - ligar, encadernar

to bite ­ - bit - bitten ­- morder, picar

to bleed - bled - bled -sangrar

to blow - blew - blown - soprar

to break - broke - broken - quebrar

to breed - bred - bred - criar, gerar

to bring - brought - brought - trazer

to broadcast - broadcast - broadcast -difundir, transmitir

to build - built - built - construir

to burn - burnt / burned - burnt / burned - queimar

to burst - burst ­- burst - romper, explodir

to buy - bought - bought - comprar

to cast - cast - cast - arremessar, lançar

to catch - caught - caught - apanhar, pegar

to chide - chid - chidden - censurar

to choose - chose - chosen - escolher

to cling - clung - clung - aderir, unir-se

to come - came ­ - come - vir

to cost - cost - cost - custar

to creep - crept - crept - rastejar

to cut - cut - cut - cortar

to deal - dealt - dealt - negociar, tratar

to dig - dug - dug - cavar

to do - did - done - fazer

to draw - drew - drawn - desenhar

to dream - dreamt / dreamed - dreamt / dreamed - sonhar

to dwell - dwelt - dwelt - residir

to eat - ate - eaten - comer

to fall - fell - fallen - cair

to feed - fed - fed - alimentar, suprir

to feel - felt - felt - sentir

to fight - fought - fought - lutar, brigar

to find - found - found - achar, encontrar

to fit - fit / fitted - fit / fitted - adaptar-se, caber

to flee - fled - fled - fugir

to fling - flung - flung - arremessar, lançar

to fly - flew - flown - voar

to forbid - forbade - forbidden - proibir

to forecast - forecast - forecast - prever, profetizar

to forget - forgot - forgotten - esquecer

to forgive - forgave - forgiven - perdoar

to forsake - forsook - forsaken - abandonar

to freeze - froze - frozen - congelar

to get - got - got / gotten - conseguir, obter

to give - gave - given - dar

to go - went - gone - ir

to grind - ground - ground - afiar, moer

to grow - grew - grown - crescer

to hang - hung - hung - pendurar, suspender

to have - had - had - ter

to hear - heard - heard - ouvir

to hide - hid - hidden - esconder

to hit - hit - hit - bater, acertar

to hold - held - held - segurar

to hurt - hurt - hurt - machucar, ferir

to keep - kept - kept - guardar, manter

to kneel - knelt - knelt - ajoelhar-se

to know - knew - known - conhecer, saber

to lay - laid - laid - derrubar, deitar, planejar, pôr

to lead - led - led - conduzir, levar a

to lean - leant / leaned - leant / leaned - encostar (-se), inclinar (-se), curvar (-se), apoiar (-se)

to leap - leapt / leaped - leapt / leaped - pular, saltar

to learn - learnt / learned - learnt / learned - aprender

to leave - left - left - deixar, sair

to lend - lent - lent - emprestar

to let - let - let - deixar, permitir

to lie - lay - lain - deitar-se, jazer

to light - lit / lighted - lit / lighted - acender, iluminar

to lose - lost - lost - perder

to make - made - made - fazer, produzir

to mean - meant - meant - significar, querer dizer

to meet - met - met - encontrar

to pay - paid - paid - pagar

to put - put - put - pôr

to quit - quit - quit - deixar, abandonar

to read - read - read - ler

to rid - rid - rid - livrar-se

to ride - rode - ridden - cavalgar

to ring - rang - rung - tocar, soar

to rise - rose - risen - levantar, subir

to run - ran - run - correr

to say - said - said - dizer

to see - saw - seen - ver

to seek - sought - sought ­ - procurar

to sell - sold - sold - vender

to send - sent - sent - enviar, mandar

to set - set - set - pôr, fixar

to shake - shook ­ shaken - agitar, sacudir

to shed - shed - shed - derramar

to shine - shone / shined - shone / shined - brilhar, reluzir

to shoot - shot - shot - atirar, disparar

to show - showed - shown / showed - mostrar

to shrink - shrank / shrunk - shrunk - encolher, recuar

to shut - shut - shut - fechar

to sing - sang - sung - cantar

to sink - sank - sunk - afundar

to sit - sat - sat - sentar-se

to sleep - slept - slept - dormir

to slide - slid - slid - escorregar, deslizar

to slit - slit - slit - fender, rachar

to smell - smelt / smelled - smelt / smelled - cheirar

to speak - spoke - spoken - falar

to speed - sped / speeded - sped / speeded - apressar

to spell - spelt / spelled - spelt / spelled - soletrar, significar

to spend - spent - spent - gastar, passar

to spill - spilt / spilled - spilt / spilled - derramar, entornar

to spin - spun - spun - girar, tecer

to spit - spit / spat - spit / spat - cuspir

to split - split - split - dividir, rachar

to spoil - spoilt / spoiled - spoilt / spoiled - estragar

to spread - spread - spread - difundir, espalhar

to spring - sprang / sprung - sprung - brotar, saltar

to stand - stood - stood - agüentar, ficar de pé

to steal - stole - stolen - furtar, roubar

to stick - stuck - stuck - afixar, colar

to sting - stung - stung - picar

to stink - stank / stunk - stunk - cheirar mal

to strike - struck - struck / stricken - bater, esmurrar

to strive strove / strived striven / strived - esforçar-se

to string - strung - strung - afinar, esticar

to swear - swore - sworn - blasfemar, jurar

to sweep - swept - swept - varrer

to swim - swam - swum - nadar

to swing - swung - swung - balançar, oscilar

to take - took - taken - levar, pegar,tomar

to teach - taught - taught - ensinar

to tear - tore - torn - rasgar

to tell - told - told ­ - contar, dizer

to think - thought - thought - pensar

to throw - threw - thrown - arremessar, lançar

to thrust - thrust - thrust - empurrar, enfiar

to understand - understood ­ understood - entender

to wake (up) - woke / waked - woken / waked - acordar

to wear - wore - worn - usar, vestir

to weave - wove - woven ­ - tecer

to weep - wept - wept - chorar, lamentar

to win - won - won - vencer

to wind - wound - wound - dar corda, enrolar

DEFINITIONS OF SOME OF THE LESS FREQUENTLY USED IRREGULAR VERBS

bet ........wager; offerto pay money if one loses.
i.e. She bet $ that I wouldn’t be ableto give up smoking.
He spends all his money betting on horses.

bid .......make an offer of money, usually at a public sale.
i.e.We had hopedto get the house but another couple was bidding against us.
Several firms have bid for the contractto build the new concert hall.

bind ........fasten or secure
i.e. The hostages were bound (with ropes) and gagged.
They bound his legs (together) so he couldn’t escape.

breed .......bring animalstogetherto produce young.
i.e. My father breeds a rare kind of birds.
How often do lions breed?

breed .......bring animalstogetherto produce young.
i.e. My father breeds a rare kind of birds.
How often do lions breed?

burst ........explode; break suddenly
i.e.Water pipes often burst in cold weather.
The river burst its bank and flooded thetown.

cast .......throw
i.e. He cast a furtive glance at her.
The tragedy cast a shadow on their lives.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

cling ........hold on tightly
i.e. The children were clinging onto their mother.
They clungto each other as they said goodbye.

fling ........throw with force.
i.e. She flung the papers on the desk and stormed out.
She flung herself onto the sofa.

forecast .........predict a future occurence.
i.e. Snow has been forecast fortonight.
The economists forecast that inflation will drop this year.

forsake ........abandon or desert
i.e. He forsook the glamour of city life for a small cottage in the country.

grind ........crush, reduceto small pieces
i.e. The elephant grinds (up) its food with its powerful teeth.

seek .......look for
i.e. People are always seeking for solutionsto their troubles.

shed .......drop off or get rid of
i.e.A lorry has shed its load on the motorway.
You must learnto shed your inhibitions.

shrink ........become smaller
i.e.The washing-machine shrank my sweater.

sink ........move downward, often under water.
i.e. My feet sank (down) into the mud.
The ship sank (to the bottom of the ocean).

slide ........glide smoothly; slip or skid.
i.e. I slid the rug in front of the fire.
The drawers slide in and out easily.

slit ........cut a narrow opening.
i.e. He slit open the envelope with a knife.

spin ........turn rapidly around a central point.
i.e. They spun a cointo decide who should start.

split ........divide into two or more parts.
i.e. The children split (up) into small groups.

spread ........push out in all directions (e.g., butter on bread, news)
i.e. Butter spreads more easily when it’s softer.

spring ........jump or rise suddenly from a still position.
i.e. I sprang out of bedto answer the door.

sting ........cause pain with a sharp object (e.g., pin) or bite (e.g., by an insect).
i.e. Do all types of bees sting?

stink ........have a bad or foul smell.
i.e. That fish in the fridge has gone bad – it stinks.

strike ........hit something with force.
i.e. The stone struck him on the forehead.

OUTROS VERBOS PREFIXADOS

to forbear = abster-se, evitar

to fortell = profetizar

to mislay = colocar em lugar errado

to misread = ler incorretamente

to misspell = pronunciar incorretamente

to misspend = esbanjar

to mistake = enganar-se

to misunderstand = entender mal

to offset = compensar

to outbid = cobrir o lance (leilão)

to outdo = superar

to outgrow = crescer muito

to outride = passar à dianteira de (a cavalo)

to outrun = correr mais que

to outshine = brilhar mais que

to overbear = oprimir, dominar

to overcome = conquistar, superar

to overdo = exagerar

to overeat = comer demais

to overflow = inundar

to overhang = estar suspenso sobre

to overhear = ouvir por acaso

to overlay = revestir

to override = passar por cima, prevalecer

to overrun = exceder, derrotar

to oversee = supervisionar

to overshoot = exceder o alvo

to oversleep = dormir demais

to overspend = gastar demais

to overtake = alcançar

to overthrow = derrotar, subverter

to unbend = afrouxar

to undergo = suportar, passar por

to undertake = empreender

to underwrite = apoiar financeiramente

to uphold = sustentar

to upset = perturbar

to withdraw = retirar

to withhold = impedir

to withstand = resistir